Toronto serial killer case draws parallels.

At first hesitant to use the term, Toronto police are now clearly calling the case of landscaper Bruce McArthur a serial killing, while some crime experts have drawn parallels to notorious pig farmer Robert Pickton.

When police first announced McArthur had been charged, they skirted the subject of whether or not the crimes could be defined as the serial killing, saying that was a media definition.

But on Monday as police announced more charges had been laid, Det.-Sgt Hank Idsing said unequivocally that the crimes were indeed the work of a "serial killer" and that Toronto police had "never seen anything quite like this with the number of crime scenes that we have to process."

McArthur, 66, who had already been charged in the deaths of two men who disappeared from downtown Toronto, faces three additional murder charges. None of them has been proven in court.

Those counts come as investigators discovered dismembered remains in the bottom of large planters after searching a property at Mallory Crescent in midtown Toronto that was linked to the self-employed landscaper.

Investigators are  scouring about 30 Toronto properties to which McArthur had access, believing more remains may be found.

"The parallels with the Pickton case are obvious in some cases," said criminologist and Western University professor Michael Arntfield. "We have an offender who is operating within a tight area, very specific geographically, targeting marginalized population that has a bit of a conflicted relationship with the police in some cases."​

As well, both Pickton and the suspect had access to properties where people can be made to disappear and dismembered to affect that disappearance, he said. 

Pickton was convicted in 2007 of six counts of second degree murder after the remains or DNA of 33 women were found on his Coquitlam pig farm, about 25 kilometres east of Vancouver.

Police found the remains or DNA of 33 women on Robert Pickton's Port Coquitlam, B.C., farm. (CBC)

'Very cunning and crafty'

"The idea that police are connecting potential multiple disappearances to a single person and finding clues all around them — we saw something quite similar to this in the Robert Pickton case, where [Pickton] used his farm as a way to hide the remains of his victims," said Jooyoung Lee, a University of Toronto associate professor of sociology who specializes in serial killers. "

When it comes to serial killers hiding evidence, they "are very cunning and crafty," Lee said.
"They don't want to get caught, and they go to great lengths often to make sure that they can conceal the murders that they've committed," he said.

Some serial killers do take pleasure in dismembering and torturing their victims, and that's very much part of their killing ritual, he said.

Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer, for example, kept the remains of his victims as trophies, and said he felt a great sense of peace when he saw the body parts of those he killed, Lee said.

Hiding evidence

But there are some serial killers who go through this process just to try and discard the bodies. For example, Pickton fed the remains to pigs on his pig farm. Gary Ridgway, the Green River Killer, would dump bodies in the Green River in Washington State. John Wayne Gacy, one of the most notorious serial killers in U.S. history, hid his young victims underneath his house in a crawl space.

"In those cases, it was about hiding evidence that could potentially implicate them as a serial killer," Lee said.
Arntfield said the way the victims were disposed in Toronto — their transportation and concealment either through obliteration, dismemberment or burial of a body  — "speaks to an offender who has been honing this for some time."

Typically, serial killers will also use their occupation as a way to acquire victims, and will use their time at work to scout locations, Arntfield said. 

"One of the things I look at is the nexus between occupation and opportunity in serial murder," he said. 
"These are allegations, but if proven to be true, it would appear McArthur used access to these locations and the equipment to help dispose of these victims."

But Arntfield said McArthur at 66 doesn't fit the known age demographic for serial killers. Serial murder, he said, has widely been thought to be limited to males 18 to 26 and that by 35, offenders are "aging out."

If McArthur is guilty, he either started relatively late for a serial killer, or his crimes go back several decades, he said.

As for the motivations of serial killers, Lee said they vary. Some enjoy the act of killing and find gratification in the power and absolute control over another person.

Others don't like the act of killing but instead enjoy torturing or just having somebody as a personal slave, he said.

What they all share in common is they "enjoy the process of hurting other people and that it gives them gratification,  it gives them psychic relief," Lee said.

'Impulses are so strong'

Few are found to be clinically insane or suffering from psychosis, and they do understand the difference between right or wrong, Lee said.

"But their impulses are so strong and at some point they're unable to stave them off anymore, and then they begin acting out."

There's also wide variation in their social skills, meaning they can range from a complete loner, totally withdrawn, to those who are Ted Bundy-like  — extroverts and quite gregarious.

"Popular media like movies tend to create and rely on very narrow caricature that actually sort of misleads people, because we start to look for people who match like a Hannibal Lecter or Dexter or something like that. But but that's not necessarily a sign of a serial killer."